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Thursday, February 20, 2014

Slides for Jakarta Sharing on 22 Feb 14

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Guidelines for Designing ICT Enriched Lessons




In designing ICT enriched lessons, it is important to establish the learning goals and objectives. The Taba Model is a good reference for teachers who are involved in lesson design and curriculum planning.

The Taba Model for curriculum was developed by Hilda Taba. It was called a grassroots effort as she advocated that the teachers themselves needed to be heavily involved in the development of the curriculum. She believed that there must be a definite order to the creation of a curriculum.

Hilda Taba’s curriculum model can be found in curriculums used in many schools today. Her approach is based on the behavioral approach to curriculum design. It is based on a step by step plan, with specific goals and objectives with activities that coincide and are evaluated with the stated objectives. Taba developed a process for determining what needs to be taught to students and included a guide on how to accomplish the outcomes from students (Costa & Loveall, 2002). Hilda Taba believed that there must be a process for evalutating student achievement of content after the content standards have been established and implemented.

The main concept of this approach to curriculum development is that teachers must be involved in the development of the curriculum. She believed that the curriculum should be organized around generlized learning objectives which enables students to discover principles that will enable them to be successfully (Middaugh & Perlstein, 2005).

There are seven major steps for developing a "grassroots approach to curriculum development. These steps are:
1.      Identify the needs of the students;
2.      Defines the learning objectives to be taught;
3.      Selection of learning content based on the learning objectives
4.      Sequence the content according to learner's interest, achievement level;
5.      Select instructional methods and learning tools (incl. ICT tools) to engage students meaningfully;
6.      Organise the learning activities
7.      Determine what is going to be evaluated and how to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum.

In addition, Taba stated that the learning objectives can be organised into three main areas:
·         Knowledge
·         Skills
·         Concepts

She was an advocate for students using problem solving and inquiry discovery techniques. The main idea to this approach is that the needs of the students are at the forefront to the curriculum. The use of Taba's ideals of charting students’ status in learning and placing students with similar learning in diverse groupings, what is now called collaborative learning groups. This is an idea that needs to be considered if using the basic ideas of this approach in curriculum design.




Resources:

Frankel, Jack R., (1994). The evolution of the Taba Curriculum Development Project. Social studies (84)n4, p. 149-159.
Parry, L., ( ). Innovation and Consolidation in Curriculum Development & Reform.